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The Bingo Programmer's Text Editor
A Shareware Product
Version 2.10a
Reference Manual
Copyright 1989,1990,1991
Christopher R. S. Schanck
September 27, 1991
An Apology and some Comments
----------------------------
Folks, I am sorry. Version 2.10 shipped with a fairly major
bug present in how Bingo edited at or near the end of the file.
This bug was masked by debugging code, and then the fix for it
was optimized out. How we missed it during beta-test is a tale
of woe regarding version control, and is not really important.
To make amends, version 2.10a shipped with 3 weeks of
version 2.10, sans bug. For a complete description of the
differences between versions 2.10 and 2.10a, PLEASE read the
READ.ME file. Version 2.10a will not count as an upgrade, though
it is being mailed to everyone with a currently registered copy
of 2.10.
Again, my apologies. "The Last Known Bug Is Dead -- Long
Live The Last Know Bug!" -- "David's Sling", Marc Stiegler,
Copyright 1988, Baen Books. A *very* good read.
Table of Contents
-----------------
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Shareware Concept and Registering . . . . . . . . . 4
Things to Come (Maybe) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
CompuServe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Getting the Latest Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Using this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Critical Short Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Installing Bingo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Invoking Bingo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Virtual Memory & the PAGESIZE Utility . . . . . . . . . 10
Impact of Virtual Memory on Performance . . . . . . . . 11
Bingo and Larger Screen Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Bingo's Menu System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Bingo's Dialogue Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
String Entry Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Yes/No Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Non-Editable Display Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
List-Picking Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Directory Lister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Bingo and File Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
The Status Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
KEYCFG: The Keyboard Configuration Program . . . . . . . 19
Key Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
'open_end' Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
'cur_file' Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
KEYCFG Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Bingo & The Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
The Mouse Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
The Mouse at the General Editing Level . . . . . . 25
The Mouse and The Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
The Mouse & Dialogue Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
String Entry Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Yes/No Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Non-Editable Display Boxes . . . . . . . . . . 29
List-Picking Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
The Mouse and The ASCII Table . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Basic Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
The Destructive Backspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Delete EOL vs. Delete Line vs. Delete BOL . . . . . . . 31
Deleting Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
File Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Edit_file & Load_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Choose_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Rename_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Quit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Quit_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Abort & Abort_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Delete_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Zap_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Modify_save & Modify_save_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Switch_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Clean_file & Clean_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Pick_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Searching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Block Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Operations on Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Named Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Miscellaneous Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Extra Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Pick & Exec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Quit and Save Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Global . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Ascii_table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Load_ & Write_profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Repeat_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Display_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
System Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Changing Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Simple Execution & Shelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Swap Execution & Shelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Macro Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Defining Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Saving Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Saving the Entire Key Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Executing a Macro File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Window_split, _edit & _load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Window_vertical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Window_resize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Window_one & Window_zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Error Parsing and Undo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
How Error Parsing Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Error Parsing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Undo Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Manipulating the Undo Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Configuring Bingo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Function List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
General Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
File Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Searching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Block Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Extra Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
System Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Error Parsing and Undo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
License Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Registration Form - Bingo 2.10a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
The Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Introduction
------------
This document serves as the reference manual for Bingo
2.10a. Bingo is a full-featured text editor at the right price.
Some of its features include:
- high speed execution, with particularly fast searches,
screen handling, and file I/O
- virtual memory for file storage; up to 256 Megabytes of file
storage possible
- full color support
- programmable integrated mouse support
- support of VGA, EGA, & MCGA extended text modes
- superb macro capability
- large suite of utility functions: entab; detab; command
repeat; shift; etc.
- custom define your own keyboard setup
- complete menu system supporting most Bingo functions
- multiple files, multiple windows: view different sections of
the same file, or different files at the same time
- execute DOS commands, including command-line compilers
within only ~3k of overhead
- regular expression search and replace
- completely configurable from within itself
- use placemarks to mark positions in files
- user definable help file
- extensive block operation support, include point, line and
column marking, and two different sets of block operations
- one default block buffer, plus 26 additional named buffers
- wordwrap, paragraph formatting, and autoindent support
included for text processing work
- C Mode supports programming in the C programming language
- User-defined delimiter and indentation matching
- directory list picker
- execute *any* Bingo function from within Bingo whether it
has been assigned to a key or not using a 'function picker'
- interrupt Bingo at any point and exit, and when you restart
Bingo it will pick up exactly where you left off
- print files & blocks through the serial port, parallel port,
or to a file, with or without line numbers
- set printing left margin, top margin, and lines per page
- automatic processing of errors generated by the Borland and
Microsoft developmental tools.
- undelete stack of deleted items
- execute any command or macro "globally" over all files in
the ring
- profile files allow file extension specific settings.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
1
Philosophy
----------
Text editors are not required for every system; at least, an
editor of Bingo's power is not. If all you require of your
editor is that it allow you to modify batch files and such, Bingo
is overkill. Cheap overkill, but still overkill. However, if
you use an editor daily, as a programmer, as a consultant who
hops from system to system and likes to have his/her own tools,
or in any other situation where you need to depend on it, Bingo
could very well be what you are looking for. Why? In spite of
its power, Bingo is very inexpensive, and does some things no
other editors do, as a look at its feature list will convince
you.
People who live with an editor daily for long stretches of
time know that choosing an editor is a near-religious experience.
Defense of your choice develops into a kind of fanaticism. In
the Unix world, VI/Emacs wars promise to extend into the next
millennium! It was the fact that I could not find an editor I
was truly comfortable with that prompted me to design Bingo. In
doing so I believe I have created an editor that should appeal to
a broad base of users.
Bingo allows a large degree of latitude when it comes to
assigning keys. In a complementary fashion, it allows a user
specified file to be used for help. Further, because of Bingo's
extensive and powerful menuing system, you do not need to
memorize a large number of keystrokes in order to use Bingo
effectively. This allows you to get up and going in a minimum
amount of time.
Bingo has a large degree of programmable mouse support has
been added. I have found mouse use to be very nice when editing,
and the response has been very enthusiastic. Version 2.10a added
an additional mouse primitive 'mouse_scroll' which, combined with
the macro capability, allows you to scroll and drag with your
mouse.
Bingo is optimized for response time. Screen response in
particular is very quick, taking full advantage of the PC's
direct video architecture. Searches also occur at blazing speed
-- a must if you spend many hours with an editor.
Bingo is heavily configurable, all from within the editor
itself. This "on-the-fly" ability is a lifesaver if you hop from
one system to another.
Bingo has all the standard macro and file handling
abilities, but it specifically excels at block handling. Three
types of marking, 27 buffers to use, and a huge array of
functions to deal with block operations allow you to use blocks
to their fullest.
Especially designed for programmers, Bingo includes a suite
of utility functions to aid in handling program text. Functions
to shift blocks of text left and right, to align blocks, to sort
blocks, to match delimiters, and to move by indentation are only
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
2
a few of the many handy functions included. In version 2.10a,
you can specify just what a delimiter is, say "repeat" and
"until". Then you could sit on a "repeat", and let Bingo find
the matching "until".
With version 2.01, a powerful regular expression search and
replace method has been added. Further, 'profile' files, which
enable specific text settings to be associated with files having
certain extensions, are supported. To make this useful, each
file (or buffer) in the ring now maintains its own set of these
settings. This allows you to have the correct settings for .DOC
files show up when you load .DOC files, the correct settings for
.CPP files do likewise, and so on.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
3
The Shareware Concept and Registering
-------------------------------------
This is just a general note as to what Bingo being Shareware
means to you, the user. Shareware could just as easily be called
"Honorware": I depend upon you honor to mail in your payment for
Bingo if you are using it regularly. All of the legal jargon
describing this Shareware concept is contained in the License &
Registration section of this manual.
Basically, I depend upon you to mail in your payment for
Bingo after you have taken a reasonable amount of time to try it
out. If you use it regularly, please mail in the payment. The
number of man-hours which went into Bingo is incredible; the
registration fee is a small price to pay. So if you use Bingo
regularly, send me the registration fee I charge for Bingo --
it's not much money for a very sharp program.
When you register, you are entitled to a number of
advantages, depending on how you register. If your registration
is a Single Version registration ($40), these benefits include:
1) If you request it, I will mail you a copy of the current
release of Bingo free.
2) You are entitled to support for 9 months, or until 1
month past the release of the next version, whichever is
longer.
If your registration is a Lifetime registration ($75), your
benefits are a little more extensive. They include:
1) If you request it, I will mail you a copy of the current
release of Bingo free.
2) You are entitled to support for as long as Bingo is
marketed as a product, be it as shareware or commercial.
3) The next release will be mailed to you free of charge.
4) You will be notified of each successive release, and each
will be available to you for a mere $5.00 shipping fee.
In addition, with version 2.01 and beyond, registered users
of any sort get to have their named emblazoned on their copy for
all to see; this way everyone will know what honorable people
they are. And no, a simple sector editor cannot change this name
-- it has to be done here. The name will be shown on the initial
screen which is popped up when bingo is executed, and can also be
accessed from the 'version_info' function.
Also, some registered users are asked to beta-test upcoming
versions -- a double-edged sword. Beta testing is somewhat
precarious at times, but you do get to take a hand in forming the
next version. Plus you get to have your complaints redressed
faster than the general public.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
4
Things to Come (Maybe)
----------------------
"The one major thing which still(!) looms in Bingo's future
is the ability to work with files larger than memory. I am
still thinking of implementing a virtual memory method, but
it may or may not appear in later versions."
This phrase, or something similar, has appeared in the
documentation of each of the previous versions of Bingo prior to
2.10a. However, 2.10a introduces a fast, efficient virtual
memory paradigm. Theoretically, it allows you to edit up to 256
Megabytes of file storage -- that is a lot of files!
Practically, it means that if you have the disk storage, you need
not worry about memory constraints again.
Implementing virtual memory necessitated almost a complete
rewrite of Bingo. Hence, not a lot of new functionality was
introduced in this version; I believe the total is about 17 new
functions, none of which add major functionality. Several major
things are in the works for the future, including customizable
menus, a new window scheme, and an expanded macro language.
Further, the regular expression subsystem is going to be
completely rewritten for the next release, much as the word
functions were for this release.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
5
Support
-------
As any of my registered users will tell you, I am committed
to supporting Bingo. Without my users, where would I be?
Anyone, registered or not, who calls or writes me will receive
prompt and (hopefully) useful help. I particularly like to hear
of requests; anything you would like to see in Bingo, let me
know. One of my beta-testers remarked that he felt like he had a
personal editor -- anything he wanted was added.
I am now residing in the Baltimore area. My current address
and phone number is:
Christopher Schanck
PO Box 279
Hanover MD 21076
(301) 730-9874
You are welcome to call me at the above number, but while the
address will be stable for the next several years, phone numbers
do change. Should this number become invalid for any reason,
call (215) 691-1070 (9am to 6pm, EST). If you wish, you will be
given a number where you can currently reach me, or you can leave
your name and number, and I will return your call within 2-3
days.
PLEASE feel free to contact me. I very much like to hear
from you!
CompuServe
----------
Recently (7/91), I became a subscriber to Compuserve. You
can contact me there as:
70541,3614
On the internet, that would be:
70541.3614@compuserve.com
This is the fastest, most reliable way to contact me.
Getting the Latest Version
--------------------------
If you have a copy of Bingo but are not sure if it is the
latest version, the best way to find out is by calling the
Computer Connection BBS in Washington DC. This is a very large,
well-managed BBS. The latest version of Bingo will always be
available here, and E-Mail left for me will be answered. The
number is (202) 547-2008. Likewise, Bingo will always be on
Compuserve, in the IBM section.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
6
Using this Manual
-----------------
This manual is broken into three parts. The first is
comprised of small sections concerned with particular little
parts of Bingo, such as Installation and Invocation.
The second part consists of sections on each major
functionality present in Bingo. These individual sections are
not tutorial in orientation, but rather give necessary
information needed to utilize this functionality.
The final section is a listing of all of the functions
supported by Bingo.
I suggest that the first time user first read the initial
sections for pertinent information, then go through the function
list *thoroughly*. This will give you a clear idea of the
capabilities of Bingo. Then, for clarification, go through the
middle sections as needed.
Finally, read the READ.ME file very carefully. In some
cases it will have information this file doesn't contain, and it
may describe some things in greater detail as it is kept as a
running log as I make changes.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
7
Critical Short Sections
-----------------------
Installing Bingo
----------------
There are 3 files which are of critical importance for Bingo
to run.
BE.EXE and BE.COM are the executables. BE.EXE is the actual
editor executable. BE.COM is the loader file; this allows Bingo
to swap itself in and out of memory. Both of these files MUST,
MUST, MUST reside in the same subdirectory (Got that?). If you
dislike typing 'be' at the DOS command, you CAN rename Bingo's
executable. Just rename both the .EXE and the .COM to be the
same filename (with different extensions), for instance, you
might shorten it to B.COM and B.EXE (programmer's, being lazy in
their typing, will no doubt do this; I did ;-) One point to
remember, don't invoke the .EXE file directly. As long as you
have both in the same directory, you can type 'BE' (no
extension), and the .COM file will be executed. Or you can
execute the .COM file directly.
KEYCFG.SET is the compiled keyboard definition file. This
needs to be in the same directory as BE.EXE/.COM, or in the
current directory.
KEYCFG.EXE is another program of importance; it is the
program used to generate a keyboard configuration. It takes the
name of a configuration file (usually BINGO.CFG) and generates a
keyset file (usually called KEYCFG.SET)See the section titled
Configuring the Keyboard for more information.
The help file BINGO.HLP, is an additional file which must be
in the same subdirectory as BE.EXE. When you invoke help, Bingo
will look there for the file BINGO.HLP. The file may contain
your own description of the current key layout, or just about
anything else you would like. Bingo comes with a default help
file.
As an example, assume the Bingo distribution files are
contained on drive A:, and you are installing Bingo on drive C:.
First, move to drive C: and create a directory for bingo,
called \bingo using DOS's mkdir command. Move to this
subdirectory using 'cd \bingo'. Now copy the files from drive A:
over to the proper subdirectory by using 'copy A:*.* C:\BINGO'.
Finally, you probably want to add 'C:\BINGO' to your PATH
environment variable.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
8
Invoking Bingo
--------------
Starting Bingo is simple. Simply type:
be <filespec> <filespec> ...
be.com <filespec> <filespec> ...
at the DOS prompt, and you are off. One of several things will
happen. If each filename you gave is discreet (i.e., no
wildcards), the files named will each be loaded, one after
another. If a filespec matches more than one file, a directory
list of matching files will pop up which will allow you to choose
a file or files. See the section on the Directory List for
further explanation.
If no filespec is given, Bingo will ask behave as if you
issued 'be *.*'.
You may also specify the starting line and column position
for the each loaded file. The '/pLL:CC' switch allows you to do
this. For example:
be test.doc test2.doc /p10:5 /p20
would load the file TEST.DOC and move to the 10th line, 5th
column. TEST2.DOC would begin on the 20th line. If you do not
give a column argument, the first column will be assumed.
Similarly, you can use the '-x<filename>' switch to run a
macro file on startup. For Example:
be test.doc test2.doc /xfun1.mac
would load both files, then execute the macro file FUN1.MAC
inside the buffer holding TEST.DOC.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
9
Virtual Memory & the PAGESIZE Utility
-------------------------------------
In version 2.10a, Bingo introduces a virtual memory paradigm
to allow programmers to edit more and larger files. Virtual
memory is a simple, elegant, beautiful concept in the abstract;
the reality, on a DOS based PC, is a very hairy beasty indeed.
Many different methods for implementing virtual memory were
examined. The one I settled on seems a good compromise; Bingo is
still quick, and the memory/disk swapping necessary when you are
working with large files is relatively unobtrusive. I still edit
fairly regularly on an 8088 machine, with a 65ms hard disk, and I
find Bingo plenty fast enough. On a 386 with a fast drive (say,
an 80meg IDE drive with a 32k onboard cache), you never even
realize it is swapping.
Bingo treats file storage as a set of fixed length blocks.
As shipped, Bingo is configured for 2048 byte-sized blocks, or
2k. Internally, Bingo can deal with 16384 of these blocks, or
16k. This gives a theoretical file storage limit of 16k * 2k, or
32 Megabytes. This blocksize, or *pagesize*, is configurable
from 2k to 16k, in even increments (i.e, 2k, 4k, 6k, 8k, etc).
The larger the pagesize, the higher the theoretical memory limit.
For instance, a pagesize of 16k gives a theoretical memory limit
of 256 Megabytes! So why not just set it to be 16k and be done
then, you ask?
Two reasons. First, the larger the pagesize, the harder
Bingo works to manipulate text. On faster machines, larger
pagesizes are fine; on a 386/25 Mhz PC, a 16k pagesize is no
problem at all. On the other hand, a 2k pagesize is fine on
every machine out there, hence the default setting.
Second, let's be serious about this. Seldom, if ever, will
someone really need to edit a file 250+ Megs in size. Could
happen; that is why I coded it as I did. But still. Also, do
the arithmetic. To edit a 200M file, you need roughly > 400M of
disk storage; 200M for the file itself, + 200M for the swapfile,
+ some odd number of bytes for the file entries in the FAT table
(grin). Not a lot of systems around with several hundred megs of
storage hanging about. But we plan for the future.
To set the pagesize, use the PAGESIZE.COM utility. The
syntax is :
pagesize <size> <filename>
where <size> is the size in Kilobytes (2,4,6,8,...,16) and the
filename is .EXE name to configure (i.e., BE.EXE).
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
10
Impact of Virtual Memory on Performance
---------------------------------------
Virtual memory has had a measurable impact on Bingo's
performance in a number of areas. Users coming from version 2.01
or earlier will appreciate this discussion of differences.
On the downside, general editing is, in my estimation, a
touch slower. Searches, scrolling, block operations, etc. On
the other hand, the only machine I can tell the difference on is
an ancient 8088; use an AT-class machine, and you can't see a
difference. However, even on the 8088, things are by no means
slow; searches and such are still very quick.
One function in particular is much slower. When you sort a
block, things are much, *much* slower in this version. This is
not so much a consequence of the virtual memory per se, but of
the new memory structure. In version 2.01 and earlier, sorting
was done with a recursive algorithm (N log N bound), and swapping
lines meant swapping pointers only. In version 2.10a, a stack-
based sort is not acceptable, because with a large file you could
corrupt the stack. So the excellent CombSort algorithm (April
1991 BYTE) was used instead. This algorithm approximates N log N
time, but is ultimately slower. The real speed killer, however,
is that I can no longer simply swap pointers. Instead, I have to
physically move the lines themselves around. This is slow,
pushing the sort time way, way up. But I did not want to
eliminate sorting entirely.
On the upside, obviously, you can edit humongous files with
ease, and a virtually unlimited number of files. This is an
obvious improvement.
The other highly visible improvement is in File IO. File
reading and writing has been speeded up by something approaching
a factor of 4. This means that Bingo's swapping in and out of
memory has been improved as well.
A large number of small functions were also improved, such
as adding the 'pick_file' function and string-editing recall.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
11
Bingo and Larger Screen Displays
--------------------------------
EGA, VGA, and MCGA video display cards support displays
larger than the standard 25 rows by 80 columns. Bingo does
support editing on these screen sizes. Bingo can be set to
handle screen displays in one of three ways:
- Bingo can be set to detect the current screen type and
dimensions, and do retrace checking.
- Bingo can be set to detect the current screen type and
size, but do no retrace checking.
- Bingo can be set to switch to 43/50 line mode if it is
supported. No retrace checking will be performed.
As shipped, Bingo chooses the middle of these three courses. The
retrace checking is only done if you are using a color display
with a 25x80 configuration.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
12
Bingo's Menu System
-------------------
Bingo implements a comprehensive menu structure to aid you
in utilizing Bingo's functions. Many people, myself included, do
not necessarily wish to spend the time to assign every function
we need to a keyboard equivalent. This requires a large time
investment before you can begin using the editor. On the other
hand, it is very irritating when you need a particular function
and cannot use it because you did not have the foresight to
assigned it to a key combination.
Bingo's menu system was designed to handle just this
situation. By assigning the 'main_menu' function to a keystroke,
you effectively have access to *every* function Bingo has.
First, greater than 75% of Bingo's functions are directly
accessible from the menus, grouped in logical sets, following a
logical hierarchy. The remaining functions can be accessed by
selecting the 'eXtras' sub-menu, then the 'Pick & exec' function.
This function then allows you to choose from a list of *all*
supported functions.
I have found that for most people, it pays to assign your
most commonly needed functions to keystrokes, and then rely on
the menu system for the ones which are used to a lesser degree.
The logical structure of the menus allows for easy access to less
frequently needed functions.
The menus themselves work quite easily. A list of
possibilities is presented. A menubar can be moved up and down
to make your choice; pressing Return selects the choice. In
addition, each choice has a highlighted character; pressing this
character will automatically select the choice.
In some cases you may be presented with a child menu. Here
again you may make a choice as before, with one additional bit of
functionality. If you are in a child menu, pressing the PgUp or
PgDn keys will move you to the previous or next sibling menu,
respectively.
The Print menu, as well as all of the configuration menus,
is a multiple menu. This means that after you have made a
choice, the action will be executed and you will be returned to
the menu at the same spot. I have found that when printing and
configuring, people usually want to do more than one task. Menus
which are multiple will have an asterisk ('*') printed at the
bottom of the menu border.
The Escape key always closes the current child menu. If you
are at the top menu, it quits the menu system entirely. To see
how your mouse, if you have one, interacts with the menus, see
the section concerning Bingo and a mouse.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
13
Bingo's Dialogue Boxes
----------------------
Throughout Bingo, you will encounter many dialogue boxes.
There are four main types. They are:
String Entry Boxes:
These are the boxes which ask you for string input. The
easiest example is when Bingo asks you for a filename. These
boxes allow you to enter string input in a flexible manner. A
wide variety of keystrokes are available to aid in this endeavor;
they are:
^F/CursRt One Character Forward
^B/CursLt One Character Backward
^A/Home Beginning of Line
^E/End End of Line
^K/CtrlEnd Delete to Eol
CtrlHome Delete to Bol
^Y Delete Line
Tab Insert from Paste Buffer
Insert Toggle insert Mode
Alt-A Invoke the ASCII Table
Up Arrow Pops up a list of the previous 15
strings entered.
Pressing <Escape> will abort out of the string entry
operation.
Yes/No Boxes:
These are the boxes which require a yes or no answer to a
question. An example of this is when you 'quit' a file and the
file has been modified. Bingo will ask you if you wish to save
the file.
Each time you enter a Yes/No box, one of the two options
will be will be highlighted. This is the default option which
will be selected if you press <Return>. By using the Left and
Right Arrow keys, you can change the current selection.
Alternatively, you can press either the 'y' key (any case) for a
yes answer, or the 'n' key (any case) for a no answer.
Pressing <Escape> will abort the operation.
Non-Editable Display Boxes:
The easiest example of this type of box is the Help box, or
the Info box. This type of box simply displays a number of lines
within a box. By using the Up and Down arrows (also the space
bar) you may scroll by lines, and by using the Page Up and Page
Down keys you may scroll by pages.
Any other keystroke will exit the box.
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14
List-Picking Boxes:
The best example of this type of dialogue box occurs when
the 'directory list picker' pops up. This type of box is very
similar to the Non-Editable box discussed above, but the idea
here is not merely to display information but to facilitate
making a choice. There will be a menubar highlighted, showing
the current selection. You may move this bar up and down using
the arrow and page keys. Pressing <Return> will selection this
option.
Additionally, the initial character of each selection may be
highlighted. If so, pressing the corresponding character will
automatically select this option.
Finally, even if the leading characters of each selection
are not so highlighted, you may "step" through the selections by
pressing letter keys. The menubar will move to the next
selection which starts with the letter pressed. If necessary,
the menubar will wrap to the top of the list (Bingo will beep in
this case). In the case of the directory picker, the leading '\'
characters of directory entries will be ignored.
As is the custom, the <Escape> key will abort the operation.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
15
Directory Lister
----------------
One of the extremely useful features of Bingo is its
directory lister. Often, Bingo will ask for a filename. If the
name you give matches more than one file, in the case of
wildcards, for instance, the lister will appear with a list of
matches and all subdirectories in the current directory. There
are several features embedded in this lister to assist you in
choosing a file.
First, all subdirectory entries in the current directory
will are shown at the top, with a '\' character preceding them.
Selecting any of these will cause the lister to change to that
directory.
Second, pressing a letter causes the Lister to move to the
next filename whose first character matches the letter pressed.
A beep will sound if the search wraps around to the beginning.
The list is sorted alphabetically by name, but subdirectory
entries come first. The last entry is always the New
Specification entry, which allows you to type in a new
specification, perhaps another drive if it is necessary.
You have 2 choices in the directory lister other than
choosing a file. The second-last option in the list, "Load All
Matching Files", will, as you might guess, load all the files
shown in the list. It will not attempt to load subdirectories.
The last option, "New File Spec", allows you to re-choose the
directory specification.
Bingo and File Names
--------------------
Many times during normal operation, Bingo will ask you for a
filename. Bingo handles filenames slightly differently than
plain vanilla DOS. In particular, let's examine the difference
between
'thisfile' & 'thisfile.'
The first does not contain a period. In this case, Bingo
will do two things. First, it will, for each defined default
extension, check if the file with that extension exists. If it
does, it will use that filename. If none of the default
extensions lead to a valid, existing file, Bingo automatically
appends '.*' to the filename, and presents you with a directory
list picker.
The second contains the trailing period, and so will be used
as is. So, in order to specify a file without an extension, you
must add the trailing period.
Why is this done? Simple laziness. This allows me to ask
for file 'test' and be presented with all forms of 'test.*'. I
can then hit return on the file which interests me.
Additionally, Bingo accepts either '/' or '\' characters as
file delimiters. This will make life a little easier on those of
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
16
us who use UNIX systems regularly. Finally, version 2.10a allows
the use of the '..' and '.' directory primitives.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
17
The Status Line
---------------
On the bottom line of each window in Bingo's display is the
status line. This line communicates several valuable pieces of
information. On the left side of the line, the current line and
column are displayed. Next are a series of flags:
a Autoindent
c C mode
i Insert mode
m Matching Mode
r Recording Macro
t Smart Tabs
w Wordwrap
z Zoom mode
For each of these flags, if the letter is capitalized, it
indicates that the toggle is on, while a lowercase character
indicates the option is toggled off.
Next you will see something looking like [x/y] where 'y' is
the number of files in the ring, and 'x' is the position of the
current file in the ring.
Finally, the full pathname comes. If it is prefaced with an
asterisk '*', it means the file has been modified.
At the end of one of the on screen status lines, you will
see either one or three little pyramids. If there is a single
pyramid, that means it is not the active window. If there are
three pyramids, they tell you which is the active window. If the
three pyramids are pointing up, the full-width window above the
status line is the current window. If the three pyramids point
to the left, this means that of the two windows above the status
line, the one on the left is the active window. If the three
pyramids point to the right, the window on the right is active.
The same rules concerning the direction of the pyramids hold
for inactive status lines, except that only one pyramid will be
present.
If this all sounds complicated, don't worry. Open a few
windows and move among them; it will become much clearer.
Finally, on the right end of the current status line, a 'T'
or 'F' character will be shown. This represent whether the last
operation Bingo executed returned a value of True or False; i.e.,
whether it worked. This does not have a major impact at the
moment, but in future versions it will.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
18
KEYCFG: The Keyboard Configuration Program
------------------------------------------
KEYCFG is the program used to create a keyboard
configuration which the Bingo executable can utilize. The
supplied configuration files (BINGO.CFG, EMACS.CFG, possibly
others) give a good example of how to set up the file, so this
section will simply go over the high points again.
KEYCFG is invoked as follows:
KEYCFG <configuration name> <keyset filename>
<configuration name> is the name of the text configuration source
file you wish KEYCFG to read, and <keyset filename> is the name
you wish KEYCFG to write the compiled keyboard setup to. The
default keyset file which Bingo looks for on startup is
KEYCFG.SET. Bingo will look first in the current directory, then
in Bingo's own home directory. Alternate keyset files can be
loaded from within Bingo using the 'key_set_load' function.
Key Names
---------
f1-f10 are the function keys
!f1-!f10 are the shifted function keys
@f1-@f10 are the control function keys
#f1-#f10 are the alt function keys
@<key> is the control-<key> combination
#<key> is the alt-<key> combination
These are named keys:
backspace down_arrow
backtab shift_insert
tab shift_delete
escape shift_home
ctrl_backspace shift_end
return shift_pgup
ctrl_return shift_pgdn
alt_return shift_right_arrow
ctrl_tab shift_left_arrow
alt_tab shift_up_arrow
alt_equal shift_down_arrow
alt_minus ctrl_insert
insert ctrl_delete
delete ctrl_home
home ctrl_end
end ctrl_pgup
pgup ctrl_pgdn
pgdn ctrl_right_arrow
right_arrow ctrl_left_arrow
left_arrow ctrl_up_arrow
up_arrow ctrl_down_arrow
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
19
keypad_plus
keypad_minus
keypad_divide
keypad_aster
keypad_return
ctrl_keypad_plus
ctrl_keypad_minus
ctrl_keypad_divide
ctrl_keypad_aster
ctrl_keypad_return
alt_keypad_plus
alt_keypad_minus Note: The keynames with
alt_keypad_divide 'grey' in them, as well as
alt_keypad_aster F11, F12, and several others,
alt_keypad_return denote keys which are
grey_up_arrow available only if you have an
grey_down_arrow extended keyboard, and you
grey_left_arrow have the 'Use Extended
grey_right_arrow Keyboard Bios' option turned
grey_delete on.
grey_end
grey_home
grey_insert
grey_pgup
grey_pgdn
ctrl_grey_up_arrow
ctrl_grey_down_arrow
ctrl_grey_left_arrow
ctrl_grey_right_arrow
ctrl_grey_delete
ctrl_grey_end
ctrl_grey_home
ctrl_grey_insert
ctrl_grey_pgup
ctrl_grey_pgdn
alt_grey_up_arrow
alt_grey_down_arrow
alt_grey_left_arrow
alt_grey_right_arrow
alt_grey_delete
alt_grey_end
alt_grey_home
alt_grey_insert
alt_grey_pgup
alt_grey_pgdn
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
20
The configuration file itself consists of lines of the
format:
<key specifier> <function identifier>
or
<key specifier> macro <macro list>
or
<key specifier> <character>
or
; <comment text>
A line starting with a space is a continuation of the previous
line.
<key specifier> is either a simple <key name>, or two key
names strung together as <key name>+<key name>. For instance,
for you Wordstar people, control-k q would be entered as
@k+q
Note: in this case, the Bingo will recognize both the sequence
@k+q and @k+Q as the same thing -- case is not significant.
The <macro list> is a list of 0 or more function
descriptors, as listed in the Function List section, and 0 or
more literal occurrences, and 0 or more named keys, in any order.
The literals must be enclosed in single quotes. The literals
will occur in the macro exactly as if they had been typed. For
instance, the line
f1 macro 'Chris' return
would define the f1 key as my name followed by a return.
The <character> is any printable ASCII character, entered
without quotes. For instance,
< ,
would redefined the less-than symbol to be the comma. This
translation will occur during general editing, as well as in the
search and replace string-entry boxes. Everywhere else it will
be ignored.
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21
The following macro would define the Alt-C key to save all
current modified files, execute the make command while swapping
Bingo out to disk, saving the errors in the ERRS file, then load
the ERRS file.
#c macro save_all swap_execute 'make > errs' return
return load_file 'errs.' return
A more interesting variant of this is the one I used prior
to installing the auto-error processing:
#c macro modify_save_all swap_execute 'make > errs'
return return window_bottom load_file 'errs.'
return
This version will attempt to put the errors file in the bottom-
most window, and it will initially only save those files as have
been modified.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
22
After adding the auto-error processing, I added a more
complex version of this macro:
#c macro modify_save_all swap_execute 'make > errs'
return return window_one window_split load_file
'errs.' return window_previous window_resize
down_arrow down_arrow down_arrow down_arrow
down_arrow down_arrow return setup_err_parse
'errs.' return return next_error
This version saves all modified files, executes MAKE as before,
and returns. When it returns, it makes sure there is but one
window, splits the current window, and loads in the ERRS file.
It then resizes it so the bottom window is smaller, resets the
error parsing to the ERRS file, then searches for the next
(first) error.
This last version is very sweet to use if you have a
compiler which generates agreeable error files. Bingo will work
with most compilers I have come across, including the Borland and
Microsoft compilers/assemblers. With the Microsoft tools, you
may have to tweak the compile flags a bit to get a usable format.
'open_end' Identifier
---------------------
KEYCFG allows the use of the 'open_end' identifier in macros
to force Bingo to fetch string input from the keyboard. For
example:
f1 macro search open_end 'i' return
will execute the search function, wait for the user to input the
target string, then input 'i' for the search modifier and do the
search.
'open_end' is effective only for string input --- single key
input situations will not respond to it.
'cur_file' Identifier
---------------------
KEYCFG also allows the use of the 'cur_file' identifier in
macros to expand into the current file's name (less path) in
string input. For example:
f1 macro load_file cur_file return
will force the reload of the current file, providing it is
located in the current directory. NOTE: There was a bug related
to 'cur_file' in version 2.01; basically, if it referenced a
filename longer than 11 characters (FOOBARED.TXT), bango, you
were sunk.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
23
KEYCFG Command Line Options
----------------------------
KEYCFG recognizes three command line options. One is a
shortcut:
keycfg !
tells KEYCFG to assume the name of the configuration file is
BINGO.CFG, and that the keyset file is KEYCFG.SET. I put this in
primarily for my own use, as I run KEYCFG often during
development.
'KEYCFG names' will provide an alphabetical list of all of
the function names which are currently recognized. Useful to
have.
Likewise 'KEYCFG keys' will list all recognized keynames.
Also useful to have.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
24
Bingo & The Mouse
-----------------
Bingo has the capacity to make extensive use of a Microsoft
(trademark, copyright, and kudos to Microsoft) compatible mouse,
should you have one installed. In order for the mouse to work,
three things must be true.
1) It must be connected to the computer properly. See your
mouse manual for instructions.
2) You must have your mouse driver installed properly.
Again, see your mouse manual for instructions on how to
accomplish this.
3) You must have the 'Use Mouse' option turned on, found in
the General configuration menu. Bingo is shipped with mouse use
turned on.
Bingo is designed to allow users of three button mice to
make full use of all three buttons (I have a three button mouse).
However, users with two button mice will only lose a little
functionality when it comes to programming the mouse, and no
functionality at all when it comes to dealing with the menus and
dialogue boxes.
It is generally easy to tell if the mouse is working; the
status line will have four additional "buttons", each consisting
of three arrows enclosed in square braces. Also, to conserve
space, the filename will be shown without its full path.
The Mouse Cursor
----------------
The mouse cursor will appear on your screen as a solid, non-
blinking block, which changes color depending on the underlying
color. It should be possible to move the cursor over the entire
screen. If the mouse cursor is present, it means that a response
with the mouse is possible. If it is not visible, this means
that at this point, no mouse response makes sense.
The Mouse at the General Editing Level
--------------------------------------
At the general editing screen, Bingo has 20 programmable
mouse events. The programmable events are handled exactly as key
assignments are handled: through KEYCFG. These are the mouse
names:
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
25
Mouse Event Identifiers
Three_buttons Left_right_buttons
Left_middle_buttons Multiple_left_button
Single_left_button Right_middle_buttons
Multiple_right_button Single_right_button
Multiple_middle_button Single_middle_button
Single_pyramids Multiple_pyramids
Single_up_arrow Single_down_arrow
Single_left_arrow Single_right_arrow
Multiple_up_arrow Multiple_down_arrow
Multiple_left_arrow Multiple_right_arrow
The first ten are concerned simply with what happens when
you press the corresponding button sequence. Note that users of
two-button devices will only be able to utilize five of these,
those dealing with the left and right buttons.
The second ten refer to the 5 "hot spots" on the active
status line. There are two for each button, one for a single
click and one for a double click.
Now that you know of these event names, what can you do with
them? Well, you can assign them anything you could assign a key.
In addition, two special functions are provided to help deal with
the mouse:
snap_to_mouse_xy:
this function moves the cursor to the current mouse
position. If necessary, it will change the active
window.
mouse_scroll:
this function is kind of an expanded snap_to_mouse_xy.
First, it moves the cursor to the mouse position.
Then, as long as a mouse button is held down, the
screen will scroll in the following manner:
1) If you are in the upper 1/8 of the screen you
will scroll up.
2) If you are in the next 1/8 of the screen, the
screen will scroll up, but more slowly.
3) If you are in the lower 1/8 of the screen you
will scroll down.
4) If you are in the next lower 1/8 of the screen,
the screen will scroll down, but more slowly.
If you are elsewhere on the screen, you simply move the
cursor about. This makes 'click & drag' operations
possible.
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26
Combining these with other functions, quite powerful mouse events
can be programmed. For example:
Single_left_button snap_to_mouse_xy
Single_right_button macro snap_to_mouse_xy point_mark
Multiple_left_button macro snap_to_mouse_xy linemark
mouse_scroll linemark
The first simply moves the cursor, while the second moves the
cursor and drops a point mark. The third lets you scroll about
the file, delineating an area to be marked.
The ten "hot spots" can also be programmed as if they were
keys.
Single_down_arrow cursor_down
Double_down_arrow down_page
Here, this has defined the down arrow button to respond with a
cursor_down if a single click occurs on it, or a down_page if a
double click occurs on it.
These "buttons" work a little differently than you might
expect -- as long as you hold the mouse button down, the function
will repetitively execute. So, if you double click on the down
arrow "button" and hold the second click down, you will see the
file whiz by at a truly astonishing speed. The speed with which
the functions are repetitively executed can be governed using the
'conf_mdelay' function.
These 20 events give you the user an unparalleled degree of
control over how the mouse responds.
The Mouse and The Menus
-----------------------
The mouse would not be very useful if it was not well
integrated into the menu system. Great pains have been taken to
make mouse use easy and intuitive with respect to the menu
system.
It is very simple. The left mouse button selects something,
and the right mouse button closes the current menu. However,
there are a few refinements.
If the item you select with a single left click is in the
rightmost menu, the effect is the same as if you had moved to
that selection and hit <return>. If the item is not the
rightmost menu, say the it is in the Main menu and you currently
have the Block menu open, then you will simply be moved to the
selection, with the other menus closed for you. However, no
equivalent <return> will be executed.
If, however, you use a double left click, the selection will
be executed regardless of where it was on the menu hierarchy.
Any extra open menus will be closed to bring you to the selected
level.
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27
Likewise, a single right click will close the current menu.
However, a double click will close *all* open menus.
Note that this gives you some capabilities which are not
available from the keyboard.
If the above sounds complicated, don't worry. In practice,
it is very easy. I would suggest you restrict yourself to single
clicks when you begin, then move to double clicks when you are
sure of what a single click would do. You will very quickly find
that the menus are effortlessly intertwined with the mouse.
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28
The Mouse & Dialogue Boxes
--------------------------
Throughout Bingo, you will encounter many dialogue boxes.
There are four main types, and all support mouse use where
appropriate. They are:
String Entry Boxes:
These are the boxes which ask you for string input. The
easiest example is when Bingo asks you for a filename. There are
only a few mouse options in these boxes; most of the time you
must enter text from the keyboard.
However, there are three supported button events. A single
left click has the same effect as a <return>; it accepts the
current string. A double left click wipes out the string; it in
effect is a Control-Y equivalent. Finally, any right button
click is the equivalent of an <Escape> key.
Yes/No Boxes:
These are the boxes which require a yes or no answer to a
question. The easiest example of this is in the configuration
options, where you are asked if you wish to toggle the option.
By placing the mouse cursor over the [Yes] selection and pressing
the left mouse button, you answer in the affirmative. Likewise,
placing the mouse cursor over the [No] selection and pressing the
left button answers in the negative.
As usual, pressing the right mouse button is equivalent to
the <Escape> key.
Non-Editable Display Boxes:
The easiest example of this type of box is the Help box, or
the Info box. If there are more lines than fit within the box,
up and down arrow boxes will appear in the upper and lower right
hand corners of the box. By moving the mouse cursor to the
corresponding box and holding a mouse button down, the display
will scroll in the corresponding direction.
As expected, the right button exits.
List-Picking Boxes:
The best example of this type of dialogue box occurs when
the 'directory list picker' pops up. Here, as in the Non-
Editable Display Boxes, up and down arrow boxes will appear if
necessary. Furthermore, moving the mouse cursor to a particular
selection and pressing a single left key will move the menubar to
that selection.
Moving the mouse cursor to a particular selection and double
left clicking will select that particular selection as if you had
moved the menubar there and typed <return>.
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As always, the right button is the equivalent of typing
<Escape>.
The Mouse and The ASCII Table
-----------------------------
The mouse is also tightly integrated with the ASCII table
function, 'ascii_table'. Here, single left clicking on a
character moves the cursor to it (updating the display). Double
left clicking selects the character and adds it to the string.
Single left clicking on the [Bspace] bar is equivalent to
typing <backspace>; it removes one character from the string. A
double left click on this spot zeroes the string entirely.
As always, clicking the right button is the equivalent of
typing <Escape>.
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Basic Editing
-------------
Basic editing concerns deletion and insertion of characters.
Bingo provides a number of ways to delete text without recourse
to the block operation. Five of these operations push deleted
text onto the unkill stack -- 'del_eol', 'del_line', 'del_bol',
'del_word_lt', and 'del_word_rt'.
The Destructive Backspace
-------------------------
Bingo supports three backspace deletion modes. The first is
the old favorite, the simple one character destructive backspace.
The second mode destructively deletes back to the previous
tab stop, provided there are only spaces in the way. If there
are non-space characters in the way, it functions as in mode 1.
The final mode deletes all the way to the left margin
(column 1), provided it consists only of spaces. Again, if there
are non-space characters, it functions as mode 2.
Delete EOL vs. Delete Line vs. Delete BOL
-----------------------------------------
The 'del_eol' function deletes the remainder of the line
from the cursor position. If you are on the end of a line, it
brings the next line up to the current position.
The 'del_line' simple deletes the entire current line, no
questions asked.
The 'del_bol' deletes from the current position back to the
beginning of the line. If you are at the begging of a line,
nothing happens.
In all three cases, the deleted text is pushed onto the undo
stack.
Deleting Words
--------------
The 'del_word_lt' & 'del_word_rt' functions delete to the
start of the next word, left or right, respectively. What is a
word? This is up to you. You can configure the string
describing what delimits a word via the 'conf_word' function.
The deleted text is pushed onto the unkill stack;
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File Handling
-------------
Bingo has extensive file handling capabilities, more than
almost any other editor available. Literally, there is little
you could want to do with a file which Bingo will not let you do.
A couple of words are in order about the file format. Bingo
cares not at all if the file you are reading is delimited by
carriage-return/linefeed pairs or just linefeed characters; Bingo
will read both with equal aplomb. Similarly, Bingo doesn't
object to files ending with the EOF character (ASCII 26). On
output, the output format is governed by the configuration
settings accessible through the 'conf_eof' and 'conf_lfs'
functions.
Here are some of the high points in file handling with
Bingo.
Edit_file & Load_file
---------------------
Editing a file with an 'edit_file' function may not always
physically load the file from disk. If the asked for name is
already being edited, you will simply be moved to the proper
buffer. Conversely, loading a file with the 'load_file' function
will always load the file from disk; if it exists in the ring
currently, the in-memory version will be killed first.
Choose_file
-----------
The 'choose_file' function pops up a list of the current
files in the ring, and allows you to choose from among them.
Also, the option to edit a new file exists; this option is
equivalent to the 'edit_file' function.
Rename_file
-----------
The 'rename_file' function changes nothing on the disk until
you save the file explicitly; however, it does change the name of
the in-memory file.
Quit
----
This is the usual way to exit a file. If the file has not
been modified, Bingo will immediately quit the file. If the file
has been modified, Bingo will ask you if you wish to save the
file. Remember that in this case, a <return> indicates a yes
answer.
Quit_all
--------
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This function repeatedly does a 'quit_file' on each file in
the ring. You can abort the operation at any time by typing
<Escape> in response to a query.
Abort & Abort_all
-----------------
These are very dangerous functions. 'abort' exits the file,
no questions asked. 'abort_all' exits the program, no questions
asked.
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Delete_file
-----------
This is just an easy way to delete an arbitrary file on
disk. No more, no less, but sometimes you do need free up disk
space.
Zap_file
--------
This allows you to wipe out the disk copy of the currently
active file. It does nothing to the in-memory version of the
file itself.
Modify_save & Modify_save_all
-----------------------------
These functions respectively save the current file or each
file if and only if it has been modified. Useful when saving
files to compile, so that only modified files get recompiled.
Switch_file
-----------
This function essentially performs a 'quit_file' followed by
an 'edit_file'.
Clean_file & Clean_all
----------------------
These functions allow you to reset the status of the file
(or all the files) to unmodified.
Pick_file
---------
Bingo will, if asked, maintain a list of the 15 most
recently edited files. Based on the setting via the
'conf_name_save' function, the files will be saved in either the
current directory or in Bingo's home directory. 'Pick_file' will
popup a list of the 15 files, most recent at the top. By
selecting a file, you are invoking the 'edit_file' function on
it.
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Searching
---------
There are two search algorithms present in Bingo. One is
very simple and very fast, and part of it is hand-coded in
assembler for a bit more speed yet. For 95% of what you want to
do, it is just right.
However, with the advent of version 2.01, a second search
algorithm was added; a regular-expression method. Regular
expressions are a mathematical way to describe strings of text,
and are very powerful. Bingo's algorithm is reliable but not
overly speedy; I suggest you keep this in mind when using it.
If you are not familiar with regular expressions, I am not
going to attempt to explain them to you here. If, however, you
have used them before, I will explain the notations I used in
coding Bingo's algorithm.
To perform a regexp search, use the 'R' modifier on you
search (or replace). If you use this modifier, the string will
be interpreted as follows:
- classes, i.e. [0-9] and 'not' classes, i.e [~0-9]
- occurrences of once, once or none (?), one or more (+),
none or more (*)
- grouping {}
- ORing of {} groups |
- wildcard character .
- match begin and end of lines with ^ and $, respectively
- support for debugging regular expression search
patterns
For some simple examples, see the READ.ME file.
It is easy to limit the search area to a specific range by
line marking a range of text. Any search (or replace) which
starts within a block will not move past the end of the block.
Basically, this means that no search or replace will continue
past the end of a block.
The 'C' option in the 'search' function will count the
number of occurrences of the target string in the rest of the
search area.
The 'G'lobal option for search and replace operations starts
from the current cursor position, not from the top of the file.
Try the Search & Macro capability -- it is sharp.
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Navigation
----------
Navigation in Bingo is very straightforward. You may move
in terms of characters, lines, words, windowfuls, and the entire
file. You can also jump to the beginning and end of a marked
block. Finally, you can jump to a specified line, or by a
relative number of lines, in the file using the Jump function.
In addition, Bingo supports placemarks. I had never really
used placemarks much, or "bookmarks" as they are sometimes
called. But a buddy of mine told me to try them when in big
files, and I was impressed. But the editor I tried them in
allowed only one; this is just not enough. So I went one better.
Actually, I went 9 better.
Bingo provides 10 placemarks. You can drop one, jump to
one, or pop up a list of the current placemarks. Each placemark
defines a file, a line, and a column. When you try to jump to a
placemark and the file it pertains to is not in the ring, the
file will be fetched.
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Block Handling
--------------
Marking
-------
Block marking is extremely flexible. Three types of marking
are supported. Line marking considers lines to be the smallest
indivisible chunks of text. It is primarily used when editing
large sections of program code, since much of this type of
editing involves moving lines.
Point marking, on the other hand, considers single
characters to be the smallest indivisible portions of text. this
is useful for replicating portions of lines, rather than whole
lines.
While Point marking "snakes" the mark from one point to the
next, Vertical marking lets you define corners of a column-
oriented block.
In all three cases, marking proceeds as follows: go to the
beginning of the block you wish to mark; execute the mark
function you wish to apply; move to the end of the block you wish
to mark; execute the mark function you wish to apply.
Note that when you are block marking, you simply mark the
boundaries of the block. If two ends already exist, Bingo will
always try to increase the size of the block. If the new mark is
inside the mark, Bingo will replace the "oldest" mark with the
new mark.
You can also use the 'extend_mark' function. This simply
extends the current marking scheme to the current cursor
position. If there is no mark in the file, 'Extend_mark' will
display an error message.
Operations on Blocks
--------------------
Bingo supports two slightly different sets of block
operations. The first set will be familiar to users of many
programming editors, while the second will bring back memories of
any Wordstar compatible editor they may have used.
The first set of operations consists of three functions:
'cut', 'copy', 'paste'. 'cut' snips the marked region to the
block buffer, removing it from the file. 'copy' does the same
thing, but it leaves the marked text intact in the file. In both
cases, if nothing is marked and you have this option turned on,
Bingo will assume you wish the current line to be linemarked.
'paste' is very simple: whatever is currently in the block
buffer is placed at the current cursor position, based on the
marking method used. If the contents were point marked, the
contents are simply 'squirted' into the text. If the contents
were line marked, the lines are inserted above the current line.
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37
There is also an alternate type of paste operation, that of
'paste_replace'. In this case, the paste buffer's contents
overwrite the needed amount of space in the text, rather than
squirting between existing text. This type of pasting will only
work for Column and Line marked blocks. Be careful! You can hurt
yourself with this one.
The second type of block operations available are similar in
nature to those used by Wordstar-compatible editors. Block
operations consist of three steps: mark the text, move to the
destination position, invoke the function.
'block_move' moves the currently marked blocked of text to
the current cursor position. 'block_copy' does the same thing,
except it leaves a copy behind.
'block_delete' is functionally identical to Cut, except that
it requires that a block be marked; the setting of the auto
linecut toggle has no effect on 'block_delete'.
Named Buffers
-------------
In addition to the default paste buffer, Bingo supports 26
named buffers, 'a'-'z'. In order to change which buffer is
currently in use, use the 'name_buffer' function. Press the
letter of the buffer you want, or <return> for the default
buffer. Until you change the buffer, Bingo will use the
currently named buffer for all its operations. All buffers will
be saved when a swapping operation is being done.
Miscellaneous Functions
-----------------------
The 'buffer_info' function displays various pertinent info
about all the paste buffers, as well as which buffer is the
currently active one.
The 'look_buffer' function will display the current contents
of the current paste buffer in a non-editable window, up to the
first 100 lies. That should be enough to give you an idea of
what is in there.
The 'report_bsize' function reports the size of the
currently marked block in terms of lines and characters.
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Utilities
---------
Bingo provides large number of utilities to be used to
manipulate text. Functions are available to:
- change the case of a block
- strip the high bit from characters in a block
- place tabs within text, and expand tabs within text
- shift blocks a certain number of spaces
- align lines with other lines
- sort blocks, in ascending or descending order, on a
particular column
- fill a vertically-marked block with a specific
character
- format a paragraph
- count the number of words over a span of lines
- insert the current time and date into the file
The big thing with the utilities is: play with them. They
allow you to do some really useful things to your text.
Particularly, entab/detab are very useful when importing files
from other systems/editors. You can take a file with hard tabs
in it which assumed a tabsize of 8 characters, detab it, change
the tabsize to 3, entab it, and save it ready for another editor
which demands hard tabs with a tabsize of 3.
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39
Extra Functions
---------------
Help
----
The 'help' function attempts to read the file BINGO.HLP
located in the same directory as BE.EXE. This file can consist
of anything you wish, and contain as many lines as you wish (it
must fit into memory...).
Info
----
This function simply brings up some useful info, such as the
size each file will be when written to disk, current date and
time, etc.
Pick & Exec
-----------
This function asks for a function descriptor to execute.
The same function descriptors are used as are used by KEYCFG. If
you give it an unrecognized descriptor, a list of all supported
functions are popped up for your convenience. If you give it
substring, such as 'win', all functions descriptors which contain
'win' anywhere will be shown; in this case the window functions.
Tie this to an easy to remember key and all of Bingo's functions
are at your fingertips.
This is also useful when you are trying to remember a
particular function descriptor and you don't have the
documentation handy.
Quit and Save Status
--------------------
This simply saves the current Bingo status information,
copies of all current files, and exits. When you next start
Bingo, it will ask if you wish to restore Bingo to its previous
state. If you say yes, you will be placed exactly where you left
off. If you indicate no, Bingo will proceed normally, leaving
the suspension files in place to be dealt with the next time
Bingo is invoked.
This function is ultra-useful since it allows for easy
interruptions when you are working.
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Global
------
This is an *extremely* powerful function. When invoked, it
asks for a keystroke to execute globally. The keystroke can
invoke a macro, or simple be tied to a function. For each file
in the ring, Bingo will ask if you wish the function to be
executed; your options are the same as they are when doing a
search & replace operation:
Y Yes, do operation, go to next file
N No, don't do operation, but do go to next file
O Yes, do the operation, but abort the global
operation afterwards.
G Yes, do the operation, and do it for all remaining
files without asking.
Q Abort the global operation right now.
You must be *very* careful when using this operation; any
functions which change the number of files in the ring can be
dangerous. Be prudent when using it, and you will be fine, use
it without some forethought, and you may get bitten and regret
it.
In version 2.10a, this function was cleaned up a good deal;
it should be rock-steady reliable, and much cleaner in its
interface.
Ascii_table
-----------
This function serves a dual purpose. First, it will pop up
a display of all 256 characters, serving as a handy reminder of
the characters available. As you move the cursor over the table,
the decimal, octal, hexadecimal, and mnemonic values, if
appropriate.
Further, by moving onto a particular character and hitting
return, you will add this character to the string displayed at
the top. You can build a string up to about 30 characters in
length. The <Backspace> key will delete the last character on
the string. When you press <Escape> to leave, the contents of
the string will be inserted into the text at the current cursor
position.
Load_ & Write_profile
---------------------
These functions allow you to manage profile files.
'load_profile' will load the profile file for the given
extensions, given that it exists.
'write_profile' will save the current text settings to the
profile file for the named extension. Further, you will be given
the option of saving the file in the current directory (where
Bingo looks first) or in Bingo's home directory (where Bingo
looks second).
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41
Repeat_last
-----------
This is a handy function. It will execute the most-
recently-executed function again. It won't change what that
most-recently-executed function was.
Display_file
------------
Simple, useful. It will popup the named file into a
scrollable window, very similar to the help file. This would let
you create multiple help files.
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System Operations
-----------------
Bingo supports a number of system operations. While they
are not large in number, they are large in utility.
Changing Directories
--------------------
The 'chdir' function will allow you to change the currently
logged directory, or even drive. Not used often, but when it is
needed, it tends to be *really* needed.
Simple Execution & Shelling
---------------------------
The 'exec_command' function simply executes a given DOS
command line and returns. It does not do anything fancy, and
Bingo will remain in memory (consuming quite a bit of memory) but
it is fast and simple for issuing short commands.
The 'shell' function is identical to 'exec_command', except
it takes no arguments. It simply gives you a DOS shell.
Swap Execution & Shelling
-------------------------
More often than not, particularly in the case of executing
command-line compilers, you simply can't afford to let Bingo hang
around in memory, since it consumes a bit. So Bingo provides two
other methods for executing commands. While they appear
identical in form and function to the previous pair of functions,
'swap_execute' & 'swap_shell', are much more interesting.
While they, too, execute a command or shell to DOS, prior to
doing so, they save all relevant information such as copies of
the current files, etc., then swap Bingo out of memory. When
this happens, the ~3k kernel of BE.COM is left behind to manage
things in Bingo's absence. When the command is terminated, Bingo
will reappear, load all the state info saved previously, and for
all intents and purposes, you are right where you left off. You
can define macros across this gap, your placemarks stay intact,
etc.
The cost is a small bit of speed when Bingo saves the state
information and reads it again later, but it is negligible for
the performance return. It is ideal for running command-line
compilers and other memory intensive programs from within Bingo.
One thing to remember: the size of your paste buffers as
well as the size of your undo stack affect the time it takes to
save and restore Bingo's status. Keep this in mind when you are
configuring the stack size, and when you are utilizing multiple
paste buffers.
In versions prior to 1.1b, Bingo would not swap shell
properly on some machines while running DOS 4.00 and higher.
This has been rectified.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
43
If your machine should for some reason have to be reset
while Bingo is swapped out (something that happens when you are
developing software), the next time you start Bingo, it will
treat the swap files as if they were suspension files, and
restore Bingo to its previous state.
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44
Macros
------
Bingo provides tremendous support for the creation,
management, and execution of keyboard macros. This level is
support was indicated by the author's own experience in
developing Bingo.
I started using Bingo to develop Bingo very early on in
Bingo's life (it didn't even have a search function at the time;
horrible!) in the hopes that this would ferret out bugs more
quickly than testing would. However, one of the things I missed
from my previous editor was the ability to define and replay
macros on the fly. In addition, I felt my previous editor was
missing some key functionality when it came to dealing with the
keyboard, so I had the opportunity to "do macros right". Of
course, my definition of useful macros may differ from yours,
but...
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!! !!!!
!!!! Macros from versions prior to 2.0 are !!!!
!!!! not !!!!
!!!! compatible with version 2.0 and above !!!!
!!!! !!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
As of version 2.01, Bingo retains the status of the last
function executed internally as a True or False value; you can
see this reflected on the far right end of the active status
line. If, during the execution of a macro a function returns a
False value, the macro will terminate. Further, if applicable,
the repeat command will terminate. This allows you to execute
macros "until function failure" based on things like trying to
move beyond the beginning of the line.
Macro Space
-----------
Prior to version 2.10a, Binge restricted macro space to 2048
macro tokens and 200 key combinations. With version 2.10a, these
limits have been removed. Bingo will dynamically increase its
macro space to compensate when you add or release memory. Thus,
macro space is limited by available memory.
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Defining Macros
---------------
There are three ways to define macros, all very similar.
You can define the scrap key to hold a macro, a single key to
hold a macro, or a two key combination to hold a macro. Any of
these functions will also end a macro definition if one is
currently in progress.
Macros can be defined across any number of activities.
Pressing <Escape> at any time as the response to a query from
Bingo will end the macro presently being recorded.
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Saving Macros
-------------
Using the single key save and load functions, you can save
favorite macros to named files for later recall. Single saving
also saves the key sequence the macro is attached to, and loading
it in again will redefine the key.
Saving the Entire Key Set
-------------------------
Bingo also allows you to save the entire key table,
including all key assignments and all macros, for later recall.
Recalling a keyset file will overwrite the entire key table, so
be warned.
When you save a keyset file, you can name the keyset file,
and you can have it saved in Bingo's home directory or in an
arbitrary directory. If you name it Keycfg.set, it becomes the
default file keyset, depending where you put it. When Bingo
starts up, it looks first in the current directory, then in its
home directory for KEYCFG.SET. This allows you to have multiple
key configurations in different disk locations while still
maintaining one executable.
Executing a Macro File
----------------------
You may also execute any macro which was single saved to a
file at any time. This executes it one, without disturbing the
current key table assignments. Good for macros used
infrequently, but which are very useful. I have a whole library
of interesting ones saved at this point.
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Windows
-------
Window_split, _edit & _load
---------------------------
These three functions create new windows from the current
window. Window_split simply splits the current window into two,
both containing the same file.
Window_edit essentially performs a split, then executes an
edit_file function.
Window_load essentially performs a split, then a load_file
function.
Window_vertical
---------------
Starting in version 2.0, Bingo provided the ability to split
windows vertically. There are some restrictions, however.
Vertical windows must always exist in pairs; that is, two windows
sharing one status line. They are even resized together. This
is not a large problem, but you should be aware of it.
Window_resize
-------------
This function allows you to change the vertical size of a
window, as well as the window below the current one.
Window_one & Window_zoom
------------------------
While window_one and window_zoom superficially perform the
same action, remember that zoom is simply a toggle, while the
'window_one' function eliminates all windows except the current,
growing the current window to full size.
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Printing
--------
"The main thing to remember about printing is, it's
dangerous." That's what was true about versions prior to 2.0.
However, with the advent of version 2.0, extensive checking was
done, and Bingo will detect an inactive parallel or serial
device.
Prior to version 2.01, there were two functions to print,
one for the file and one for a marked block. As of version 2.01,
these have been combined into 'print_file', which prints a block
if it is marked, otherwise it prints the file.
You can also send a linefeed or formfeed character, or send
a sequence of ASCII values.
Also notice that you are asked if you want line numbers
printed out with each line. Kudos to Bob Boyken for this idea!
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Error Parsing and Undo
----------------------
How Error Parsing Works
-----------------------
Bingo provides the capability to automatically parse
compiler generated error messages. The procedure for this is
fairly simple.
First, you must have a text file containing the error output
of the compiler (or assembler) in question. This usually
obtained by running said compiler and redirecting its output to a
file. Bring this file into the editor.
Next, call the 'setup_err_parse' function, and give it the
name of the file. If the name matches a file in the ring, Bingo
will tell you that error processing is setup properly.
Now it is simple; simple call the 'next_error' or
'prev_error' functions. The following things will happen:
1) Bingo will see if a next (or previous) error can be
found. If not, it will report that no more errors exist.
2) Assuming an error line is found, the filename and line
number will be picked out of the line. Bingo will perform
and edit_file operation on the filename, then jump to the
offending line. All of this will happen within the current
window.
3) Also, any onscreen window which contains the file being
parsed will be updated. The current error line will be
highlighted automatically.
As you can see, error parsing is super useful. For a further
example of how it works, see the example macro in the section on
the KEYCFG program.
Error Parsing Method
--------------------
Bingo parses error files using a "fuzzy" or "best-guess"
algorithm. It checks each line as follows.
First, Bingo attempts to find a valid filename on the line.
The filename must contain a period, and it must have a file
extension.
After finding such a filename, Bingo verifies that the named
file exists on disk or in the current ring. If it does, Bingo
now begins to look for the line number within the error file.
Bingo will look for the first number to follow the filename, and
use this as the line number.
If both a filename & a line number are found, the line will
be recognized as a valid error/warning line.
This algorithm will work for the Borland and Microsoft
developmental tools. However, in some cases, you may have to
consult your manual in order to find what command-line switches
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
50
have to be set for your compiler to output errors in a usable
message format.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!! Note that linker errors do not !!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!! have line numbers, and so will !!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!! not be recognized. !!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
However, whenever Bingo encounters a situation where there are no
more errors, it will display a message saying so. Further, it
will display a portion of the last non-blank line in the error
file on the message line with the "No more Errors" message, so
you can verify that all went well.
Undo Capabilities
-----------------
Bingo has several capabilities to allow you to recover from
recent mistakes. The 'Restore_line' function, will simply recall
the state of the current line to what it was when you first
arrived. This is good only as long as you do not move from the
line; once you leave the line, its original state is lost
forever.
This type of error-recovery is good for small things, but
something more substantial was needed. So Bingo keeps a stack of
recently deleted items; text deleted by 'del_eol', 'del_bol', and
'del_line' functions. This stack is kept in reverse order; that
is, the most recently deleted text is placed in top of the undo
stack.
Additionally, you have an option regarding text cut to the
paste buffer. Normally, when you place text into the paste
buffer (Using the 'cut', 'copy', etc. functions), if the paste
buffer already contains something, that text is discarded.
However, if you set the 'cut to stack' option on (in the General
Config Menu, or with the 'conf_cut_stack' function), this text
will be pushed onto the stack also.
You can control the size of the undo stack using the
'conf_kill_size' function (1 to 10240 lines), or through the
config menus. You cannot, however, turn it off.
Manipulating the Undo Stack
---------------------------
There are three functions available to help you deal with
the undo stack. 'rotate_kill' will popup a list of the current
stack's contents. By moving the menu bar and hitting return, you
can move the selected entry to the top of the stack.
'unkill' and 'paste_kill' are very similar. They take the
top member of the stack and insert it above the current line.
'unkill' also removes the top member from the stack.
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Configuring Bingo
-----------------
Bingo is extremely configurable. To access the
configuration menu, select the 'Config' option from the main
menu, or attach keys to particular configuration functions. The
settings themselves are explained explicitly in the Function List
section of this document in the Configuration portion.
To make the current selections permanent, select the "Write
setting" option found on the main configuration menu.
There is one item of interest of interest. There are nine
settings which as of version 2.01 are maintained on a per buffer
basis. These settings are the ones saved in profile files, and
are found on the 'Text Settings' config menu. Each time you
change these with a 'conf_' function, you change both the
underlying default (used when new files are brought in) and the
current buffer's settings. For a few settings, there are also
'toggle_' functions, such as 'toggle_cmode'. These change only
the current buffer's settings.
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Function List
-------------
The following section contains a listing of the functions
supported by Bingo, grouped by functionality. The index at the
end of this document makes alphabetical location of these
functions simple.
General Editing
---------------
insert_tab: insert the number of spaces needed to move
the cursor to the next tab stop, based on the
current tabsize.
carriage: splits the current line by moving the cursor
to the start of the next line, taking
everything to the right of the cursor along
for the ride. If this moves you onto the
bottom line of the window, the line will be
centered on the screen. Depending on C mode
and the AutoIndent mode settings, automatic
indentation of some type may be performed.
toggle_ins: toggles the insert/overwrite mode. Changes
only the setting of the current buffer.
toggle_wrap: toggles the word wrap setting. Changes only
the setting of the current buffer.
toggle_cmode: toggles the C mode setting, regardless of the
file name. Changes only the setting of the
current buffer.
toggle_autoindent: toggle the autoindent setting. Changes only
the setting of the current buffer.
main_menu: invokes the main menu.
del_char: deletes the current character at the cursor
position; if it was at the end of a line,
brings the next line up.
back_space: performs a destructive backspace, based on
the current deletion mode in effect.
del_line: deletes the entire current line, regardless
of position.
del_eol: deletes all text to the end of the line; if
at the end of a line, joins the lines.
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53
del_bol: deletes all text to beginning of line, moves
to first column. If at the beginning, joins
the line with the previous line.
default_del: does one of two things depending on whether
or not a block is marked. If a block is
marked, the 'cut' function is executed. If
no block is marked, the 'del_char' function
is executed.
default_bspace: similar to 'default_del', except that if no
block is marked, a 'back_space' function is
executed.
del_word_rt: deletes from the current cursor position to
the start of the next word to the right.
del_word_lt: deletes from the current cursor position to
the start of the next word to the left.
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File Handling
-------------
edit_file: after asking for a filename; if the file is
already in the ring, it simply switches to
it. If it is not in the ring, it loads the
file.
choose_file: pops up a list of current files in the ring,
and an option for a new file. Selecting the
New File option performs an 'edit_file'
function.
load_file: after asking for a filename, it loads that
file from disk. If the file is already in
the ring, the in-memory version is first
deleted from memory.
rename_file: renames current file.
switch_file: switches to a different file, performing a
quit on the current file first. If you
escape out of the quit option, the switch
operation will abort.
save_file: saves the current file; does not exit.
modify_save: saves current file ONLY if it has been
modified.
quit: exits current file. If the file was
modified, it will ask you if you wish to save
the file; a <return> indicates yes.
abort: exits the file, no protection, no save.
file: saves and exits current file.
next_file: moves to the next file in ring.
prev_file: moves to the previous file in the ring.
quit_all: performs a quit on each file in the ring.
abort_all: aborts all files, no questions asks.
file_all: saves and exits all files.
save_all: saves all files.
modify_save_all: saves each modified file in the ring.
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delete_file: asks for a filename to delete on disk.
zap_file: delete's the disk copy of the current file.
block_load: loads a file into the current position
clean_file: resets the 'modified' status of the file to
FALSE.
clean_all: resets the 'modified' status of all files in
the ring to FALSE.
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Searching
---------
again: repeat the last search operation. If none
has yet been done, works just like search.
If the last search operation done was a
search & replace, only the search portion is
done.
search: search for text. Will ask for the target
text, and two modifiers:
I Ignore case
B Backwards
C Count
R Regexp
A Accent
The 'C' option simply counts the number of
occurrences.
The 'R' option tells Bingo to interpret the
input string as a regular expression. See
the section on searching and the READ.ME file
for more details.
The 'A' option tells Bingo to highlight the
'found' text until the next keystroke
arrives.
If the text is marked, the marking will be
treated as linemarking, and Bingo's search
will not continue past the end of the marked
area. This allows you to limit the searching
scope to a particular area.
replace: search and replace text. Will ask for
target, replacement text, and three
modifiers:
I Ignore Case
B Backwards
G Global Search/Replace
R Regexp
A Accent
P Preserve
D Debug
If Global is selected, Bingo will simply
replace all matching occurrences with the
replacement text. If not, Bingo will stop at
each match and ask:
Yes: replace and continue.
No: don't replace, but continue
search.
Only: Replace this and stop
Quit: stop, no replacement.
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Global: Continue with global
replacement
'R' & 'A' options work as in the search case.
'P' tells Bingo to preserve the original
cursor location and return to it when done
with the replace operation.
'D' is useful for regular expression work.
It tells Bingo to display its conception of
the target string (grouping, classes,
occurance, etc).
Marked text limits the range as in the search
function.
search_macro: will acted like the 'search' function, but
will ask for a key to apply when found. It
will work like the replace function, but
instead of replacing, it will execute the
given key.
mark_last_found: this will unmark the file and mark the last
found text if you have not moved.
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Navigation
----------
down_page: moves down one windowful.
up_page: moves up one windowful.
cursor_right: moves right one char; wraps if necessary and
if bounce mode is active.
cursor_left: moves left one char, wraps if necessary and
if bounce mode is active.
cursor_up: moves up one line.
cursor_down: moves down one line.
back_tab: moves back to the previous tab stop. Does
not change the text at all.
begin_line: goes to beginning of line.
end_line: goes to end of line.
top_of_file: jump to top of file.
bot_of_file: jump to bottom of file.
next_word: goes to beginning of next word.
prev_word: goes to beginning of previous word.
top_of_screen: jumps to the top of screen.
bottom_of_screen: jumps to the bottom of screen.
top_of_block: jumps to the top of marked block.
bottom_of_block: jumps to the bottom of marked block.
jump: jump to position. If the number is prefaced
with a '+' character, Bingo will jump the
relative distance forward. If the number is
prefaced with a '-' character, Bingo will
jump the relative distance backwards.
center_line: makes the current line the center line of the
current window, and repaint the entire
screen, all windows.
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indent_up: moves to previous line with same indentation
scheme as current line.
indent_down: moves to next line with same indentation
scheme as current line.
snap_to_mouse_xy: moves the cursor to the current mouse
position, changing windows if necessary.
mouse_scroll: moves the cursor to the mouse position when
the mouse button is released; while the
button is depressed, the file will scroll up
and down, depending on where the mouse cursor
is moved. The closer the cursor is to the
top and bottom of the window, the faster the
file will scroll.
place_mark: drops a placemark, inquiring as which of the
10 allowed (0-9) you are concerned with.
Each placemark contains the filename, the
line, the column.
jump_mark: jumps to the specified placemark. If the
specified filename is not in the ring, Bingo
will go and get it.
show_marks: pops up a window showing the current
placemarks in effect for this editing
session.
scroll_up: scroll the display up one line, keeping the
cursor on its proper line.
scroll_down: scroll the display down one line, keeping the
cursor on its proper line.
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Block Handling
--------------
line_mark: drop a line marker. The block will be
expanded or shrunk, depending on the last
drop made. Line marks consider the line to
be the smallest markable element of text.
point_mark: drop a point marker. The block will be
expanded or shrunk, depending on the last
drop made. Point marks consider the
character to be the smallest markable element
of text.
vertical_mark: drop a vertical marker. Vertical, or column,
blocks are defined by and upper and an
opposing lower corner.
extend_mark: extends the current marked block, using
whichever marking scheme is in place. Does
nothing if no block is marked.
unmark: unmark all text in current buffer.
cut: cut the marked text to the block buffer. The
marked text is deleted from the file.
copy: copy the marked text to the block buffer.
The marked text is NOT deleted from the file.
paste: pastes the contents of the block buffer into
the text at the current position. If the
contents were linemarked, the contents will
be pasted, as lines, above the current line.
paste_replace: pastes the contents of the block buffer at
the current location, overwriting the needed
amount of space. This is only valid when the
paste buffer is Line or Vertical marked.
block_move: moves the currently marked blocked of text to
the cursor position.
block_copy: copies the currently marked blocked of text
to the cursor position.
block_delete: deletes the currently marked block of text to
the block buffer; identical to cut.
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61
block_save: writes the currently marked text to a file.
swap_buf_and_block: takes the currently marked portion, and swaps
it with the current contents of the paste
buffer. The two blocks need not be of the
same type.
report_bsize: reports the number of lines and characters
(line breaks in point marked blocks count as
one character) the currently marked block
spans.
name_buffer: allows you to change the current paste
buffer. <return> specifies the default
buffer, and 'a'-'z' specify their respective
buffers.
buffer_info: displays various pertinent information about
all the paste buffers.
look_buffer: displays the contents of the current buffer
in a non-editable window. This only displays
up to the first 100 lines in the buffer.
cut_append: works exactly like 'Cut', except it appends
the marked text to the current contents of
the buffer. The text in the buffer and the
marked text must be of the same type.
copy_append: just as 'Cut_append', but performs a copy
instead.
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62
Utilities
---------
entab: compresses the linemarked region specified or
the entire file by converting spaces to tabs.
indent_tab: compresses the leading spaces of the linemark
region specified or the entire file by
converting into the proper tabs. Rounds to
the nearest tab stop, thus "normalizing" the
indention to tab stops.
detab: expands the linemarked region specified or
the entire file by converting tabs to spaces.
shift_block: shifts the specified linemarked region the
number of columns specified. Positive
numbers indicate right-shifting, negative
numbers, left-shifting. The character 't' is
used to signify tab widths: '-3t' shifts the
block left 3 tabwidths.
lcase_block: lowercases the linemarked region.
ucase_block: uppercases the linemarked region.
fcase_block: flips the case of the linemarked region.
word_count: counts the words in the linemarked region,
default the whole file. A word here is
defined as non-whitespace and non-punctuation
characters, NOT by the settings of the
'conf_word' function.
strip_highbit: strips the 8th bit in the linemarked region,
default the whole file.
sort_block: sorts block, ascending or descending, on a
certain column.
reform_para: reformats a block of text to conform to the
right margin; a paragraph is defined as text
between blank lines. The total amount of
text contained in a single paragraph cannot
be larger than 30000 characters.
repeat: repeats a keystroke n times. If n is '*',
the function repeats until a search fails.
The function halts repetition on a search
failure.
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63
dup_line: duplicates the current line and increments
cursor to the next line.
align: slides the linemarked region left or right to
match indentation with the line immediately
above the first marked line. If not lines
are marked, the current line is aligned.
match_delim: finds the proper match for a delimiter.
Delimiters include 'begin'/'end' to help
Pascal programmers, as well as '({[<'.
time_stamp: inserts the current date and time into the
text.
fill_block: fills a vertically marked block with a
specified character.
center_text: centers the current non-space text of the
current line (or linemarked block) on its
line, relative to the right margin.
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Extra Operations
----------------
help: views the help file BINGO.HLP. This
file must be located in the same
directory as BE.EXE.
info: pops up an info window, providing
information on current files in the
ring, and about Bingo's current
condition
pick_exec: this allows you to pick a function
descriptor and have it executed.
quit_and_save_status: this function saves the current status
of Bingo as well as the current files,
so that the next time Bingo is invoked,
you will be given the option to pick up
where you left off.
global: this allows you to execute any keystroke
globally, throughout all the files in
the ring.
query_quote: inserts an integer or sequence of
integers as its raw ASCII character.
The decimal values must be comma
delimited.
ascii_table: pops up a display of all Ascii
characters. By hitting Return on a
character, you add it to the string.
When you hit Escape, the string is
inserted into the text.
toggle_display: toggles the display size between 25
lines and 43/50 lines. Will in all
likelihood screw up the cursor shape,
since the scan line counts will change.
load_profile: loads the profile file of your choice,
searching first the current directory
then Bingo's home directory. Prompts to
see if you wish to load a keyset file.
write_profile: saves the text settings of the active
buffer to the profile file of your
choice in either the current directory
or Bingo's home directory. Settings
include:
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65
&ins=1 (insert mode, 1=yes, 0=no)
&tabs=5 (tabsize)
&wrap=1 (wordwrap)
&indent=1 (autoindention mode)
&cmode=0 (C mode, 0=off, 1=mode 1, etc)
&rmarg=65 (right margin)
&smart=0 (smart tabs on?)
&match=0 (matching mode)
&bspace=0 (backspace mode)
version_info: displays various version information and
the name of the person this copy was
registered to, if it is a registered
copy.
repeat_last: repeats the last function executed.
display_file: will popup the named file into a
scrollable box, similar to the help
file.
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System Operations
-----------------
chdir: change the currently logged directory.
exec_command: execute a DOS command, while leaving Bingo
completely resident in memory.
shell: shell to DOS, leaving Bingo completely
resident in memory.
swap_execute: execute a DOS command while swapping Bingo
out. This will cause Bingo to save copies of
the buffers as well as state information, and
leave behind an ~10k kernel.
swap_shell: shell to DOS while swapping as above.
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67
Macros
------
define_scrap: start scrap macro definition.
onekey_def: start single-key macro definition.
twokey_def: start two-key macro definition.
scrap: execute the scrap macro.
single_key_save: save a single macro to a file for later
recall. Saves the key it is attached to
also.
single_key_load: load a single macro from a file. Overwrites
the current definition for the key, if it has
one.
key_set_save: saves entire keyset, including macros, but
not the scrap.
key_set_load: load entire keyset.
run_macro_file: runs a macro from a file saved with
single_key_save.
undefine_key: undefines a key.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!! !!!!!
!!!!! All of these functions will end a macro !!!!!
!!!!! being currently defined !!!!!
!!!!! !!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
end_macro: ends the recording of a current macro.
Mostly useless, but it made for a useful menu
entry.
key_set_impress: THIS FUNCTION HAS BEEN DELETED AS OF VERSION
2.10a.
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68
Windows
-------
window_edit: this function ask for a filename, then splits
the window and essentially performs and
edit_file function for the requested
filename.
window_load: works like window_edit, except it forces a
reload of the named file.
window_split: this simply splits the current window in two
and uses the current file for both.
window_vertical: splits the current window vertically.
Windows can only be split so once.
window_close: closes the current window and expands the
above window to use its space.
window_zoom: toggles the display between zoomed mode.
When the display is zoomed, the current
window takes up the entire display, but Bingo
'remembers' the rest of the windows and will
restore them when zoom mode is toggled again.
window_one: this function makes the current window the
only window, wiping out all other windows.
window_next: this moves to the next window down, or wraps
to the top window if necessary.
window_previous: this moves to the next window up, or wraps to
the bottom if necessary.
window_top: jumps to the topmost, leftmost window.
window_bottom: jumps to the bottom-most, rightmost window.
window_resize: this allows you to resize the current window
(and its left or right sibling, if it exists)
and the window below (and *its* left or right
sibling, if it exists) by 'rubberbanding' the
current status line up and down.
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Printing
--------
print_file: print the current file, or a marked block if
there is one, using the current printer
settings, to the current destination.
Whenever Bingo encounters a formfeed
character, it will assume that is the start
of a new page, and start the remainder of the
line at the left margin.
send_lf: send a line feed character to the
destination.
send_ff: send a formfeed character to the destination
send_sequence: send a sequence of character values to the
printer; e.g.
12,12,12,12,12
sends a series of 5 ASCII 12's (decimal) to
the destination
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Error Parsing and Undo
----------------------
setup_err_parse: this function will prompt you for a filename.
Bingo will from then on use the named file as
the error file. This must be called before
next_error, prev_error, or last_error are
called.
next_error: moves, within the current window, to the next
error as found in the current error file. If
no more errors can be found, Bingo will say
so, and display the last non-blank line in
the error file. Otherwise, Bingo will edit
the appropriate file into the current window,
as well as highlighting the line in the error
file being referenced.
prev_error: same as error except it moves backward
through the error file.
last_error: redisplays the last error message, if there
was one.
rotate_kill: pops up the current kill stack and allows you
to arbitrarily move a line of text to the top
of the stack.
unkill: inserts the top member of the stack above the
current line. Removes the top member from
the stack.
paste_kill: inserts the top member of the stack above the
current line. Leaves the stack alone.
restore_line: restores the current line to its former form.
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71
Configuration
-------------
save_settings: saves the current config settings to the
image of BE.EXE on disk.
conf_color: configure the color settings. You select the
color you are interested in by pressing the
appropriate color. Then, by watching the
bottom line on the screen and pressing the up
and down arrow keys for the foreground and
the pageup and pagedown keys for the
background, you select the color you want.
Pressing return will select the color. For
the overscan (border) attribute, only the
background attribute matters.
conf_lfs: alter the lfs-only setting. If on, this
setting has Bingo write files with lines
separated by LF's only, in the UNIX fashion.
Otherwise, Bingo uses CR-LF pairs to delimit
lines.
conf_backups: allows you to specify the extensions Bingo
uses to automatically create backup files.
If no extension is given, no backups are
created.
conf_eof: alter whether Bingo writes a EOF character at
the end of files (^Z).
conf_tabexpand: THIS FUNCTION HAS BEEN DELETED AS OF VERSION
2.10a.
conf_search: allows you to predetermine which flags
(I/G/B/etc...) will be set initially for a
search and replace attempts.
conf_stripping: configure whether Bingo strips the high bit
of characters when reading. Only really
useful when reading Wordstar files.
conf_rmargin: set the right margin. Affects paragraph
reformatting and word wrap. This changes the
current buffer's setting and the global
setting.
conf_autoindent: set whether Bingo uses autoindent mode.
Affects paragraph reformatting and word wrap.
This changes both the current buffer's
setting and the global setting.
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72
conf_wordwrap: set the word wrap mode. This changes both
the current buffer's setting and the global
setting.
conf_insert: whether Bingo is in insert/overwrite mode.
This changes both the current buffer's
setting and the global setting.
conf_tabsize: set the tabsize. This changes both the
current buffer's setting and the global
setting.
conf_backspace: configure the backspace mode:
1. Delete single chars
2. Delete spaces back to tab setting
3. Delete spaces to left margin
This changes both the current buffer's
setting and the global setting.
conf_macro_death: set whether a keystroke interrupts macros.
If on, this will slow things down a bit, but
can prevent runaway macros.
conf_cmode: configure whether Bingo uses C Mode on *.c
and *.h files. Allows you to choose between
two different modes of C indention:
for(i=0;i<10;i++){ and for(i=0;i<10;i++)
...stuff... {
} ...stuff...
}
This changes both the current buffer's
setting and the global setting.
conf_sound: allows you to set the frequency of the beep
Bingo uses. Setting it to zero will
effectively turn off the sound.
conf_mdelay: allows you to specify the timing delay
between repetitions of a function(s) being
executed while a mouse button is held down.
For example, on reasonably quick machines,
paging down while holding the mouse button
down on one of the status line "hotspots"
occurred so fast with version 2.0 so as to be
useless.
conf_button_wait: allows you to configure, in milliseconds, the
amount of delay Bingo will wait for the
second click of a double click.
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73
conf_shadow: silly function, configures whether Bingo uses
"shadow" boxes. Play with it.
conf_win_close: controls whether Bingo automatically closes a
window when the file is closed.
conf_def_ext: allows you to specify the file extensions
Bingo will attempt to use when you specify a
filename without '.'. The extensions are
checked in order.
conf_video_mode: allows you to choose from between three
screen handling options:
- autodetect with retrace checking
- autodetect with no retrace checking
- 43 or 50 line mode, if supported
Retrace checking will only be in effect if
there are only 25 lines to be displayed.
Note: this only changes the default
*startup* mode -- it changes nothing except
possibly the retrace mode while Bingo
continues to run. To make the change take
effect, you will have to quit Bingo
completely and restart it.
conf_cursor: THIS FUNCTION HAS BEEN DROPPED FROM VERSION
2.10a.
conf_prn: set the printer destination, between the
default serial port, the default parallel
port, or a file.
conf_tmarg: set the top margin, in terms of number of
lines.
conf_bmarg: set the bottom margin, in terms of number of
lines.
conf_lmarg: set the left margin which will be used when
printing, in terms of spaces.
conf_lines_per: set the lines per page, counting the top
margin.
conf_null: THIS FUNCTION HAS BEEN DROPPED FROM VERSION
2.10a.
conf_ctrl_display: THIS FUNCTION HAS BEEN DROPPED FROM VERSION
2.10a.
conf_kill_size: alters the size of the kill buffer.
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74
conf_cut_stack: allows you to choose whether text about to be
discarded from the paste buffer should be
placed on the stack. If this is on, this
will slow block operations down a bit, but it
is a nice safety feature.
conf_auto_cut: allows you to toggle how the 'cut' & 'copy'
functions respond when no block has been
marked. If auto cut is active, these
functions will cut (or copy) the current
line. If auto cut is not active, the current
line will be Linemarked.
conf_smart_tabs: allows you to specify whether or not "Smart"
tabs are active. Smart tabs cause the
'insert_tab' function to tab over to the same
column as the next nonspace character on the
line previous. This changes both the current
buffer's setting and the global setting.
conf_matching: configures matching mode. If matching mode
is active, entering a '[{<(' character will
cause its matching close member to be entered
automatically. This changes both the current
buffer's setting and the global setting.
conf_trail: allows you to configure whether or not Bingo
strips trailing spaces.
conf_bounce: allows you what cursor movement paradigm
Bingo uses. If Bounce mode is active, Bingo
views the entire document as one long string
of characters. Thus, you cannot move off of
exiting text. Further, the cursor will
automatically wrap at the end of lines. If
Bounce mode is turned off, cursor movement is
by the more traditional method, where you can
move any where (horizontally) you wish.
conf_key_bios: this governs whether or not Bingo will use
the Extended Keyboard Bios if it is found.
On some machines, Bingo may identify it
incorrectly, or there may be compatibility
problems. This function allows you to tell
Bingo to disregard the extended Bios, even if
it is found. If this is on, the two sets of
arrow keys, for example, will be recognized
as different. They will therefore have to be
defined separately in your keyboard config
file.
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75
conf_erronly: allows you to tell Bingo to further restrict
valid error lines to those containing the
word 'error' (any case).
conf_mouse: controls whether or not Bingo uses a Mouse,
if it finds one. Trust me, you'll like it!!!
conf_profile: controls whether Bingo will check for, and
load if found, the profile file of a file's
file extension each time a file is loaded.
conf_word: allows you to edit the string containing what
characters are not part of a word.
conf_scr_save: controls whether Bingo will save, and then
restore, the DOS screen upon startup and
exit. Will cost you some memory.
conf_name_save: controls whether, and how, Bingo saves the
last 15 files edited. You can turn it off,
tell it to save the info in the current
directory (where Bingo looks first upon
startup), or in Bingo's home directory.
conf_delims: allows you to input and edit pairs of
delimiters for Bingo to balance with the
'match_delim' function. Both delimiters must
be non-blank.
conf_eol_display: allows you to enter the ASCII decimal value
of the character to be displayed as the end
of line character. The default is 32, the
space character.
conf_exit_to_pick: controls Bingo's actions upon exit. If
turned on, Bingo will popup an edit box when
you quit the program (except when you exit
through the abort_all function).
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76
License Agreement
-----------------
This section tells you is how to become a registered user
once you decide that you like the program and want to use it on a
regular basis.
Bingo is distributed under the shareware marketing concept;
it is not free software and it has not been released to the
public domain. The documentation, executable images, and all
other files distributed with Bingo are copyrighted.
Shareware is a way of distributing computer software that
allows you to try out a program before you purchase it. Programs
distributed as shareware typically give you some period of time
to use the program and evaluate its usefulness to you. If the
program doesn't meet your needs, you're under no obligation to
pay for it. If you do find the program useful and wish to
continue using it on a regular basis, the shareware program's
author usually requests that you pay for the program by sending
him or her a completed registration form and payment. This is the
approach I have taken in making Bingo available to the public.
If you find Bingo to be a useful addition to your software
library, you're requested to become a registered user by
completing the enclosed registration form and returning it along
with the indicated license/registration fee. I hope that you will
agree that the $40.00 license fee (for the Single Version
registration) or $75.00 license fee (for the Lifetime
registration) is a small price to pay for the continued use of
the program. It requires a large investment to develop, market,
and support a product of this complexity. Your support in the
form of a license/registration fee will continue to make good
software available at low prices.
Quantity discounts are available to business, government,
and other organizations that wish to use Bingo on multiple
computer systems. Bingo is also available at very special rates
to organizations who wish to use it for promotional purposes.
Write the author for information on using the program this way.
You are granted a limited license to use and examine Bingo
on a trial basis to determine if Bingo is suitable for your
needs. If you find Bingo useful and continue to use it on a
regular basis, you should complete and return the registration
form along with the indicated license/registration fee.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
77
You are encouraged to make copies of Bingo for the trial use
of other individuals and organizations, subject to the following
restrictions:
1) All Bingo distribution files must be copied in
unmodified form.
2) You may not include any other files with the
distributed copy.
You may not distribute Bingo with any other product or
service without written permission of the author.
Bingo may be included on electronic bulletin board systems
for downloading by users of the bulletin board provided the above
restrictions are met.
Bingo and all accompanying materials are provided "as is"
without warranty of any kind. The entire risk of using Bingo is
assumed by you.
The author, Christopher R. S. Schanck, makes no warranty of
any kind, expressed or implied, including but not limited to any
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose.
In no event will the author, Christopher R. S. Schanck, be
liable for any damages whatsoever arising out of your use or
inability to use the program.
If you use Bingo on a regular basis, you should complete the
registration form at the end of this document and return it along
with the indicated license/registration fee. Registration gives
you the right to use the software as documented in the license.
A registration fee of $40.00 establishes you as a registered
user of the current version of Bingo.
A registration of $75.00 establishes you as a Lifetime
registrant, and in this situation you are entitled to the next
version of Bingo free. After that, you will be notified of each
subsequent version, and they will be available for a five (5)
dollar fee.
When you submit your registration fee, unless you
specifically request otherwise, the author will mail you a copy
of the current version of Bingo and accompanying documentation on
disk (3.5" or 5.25") for free. Mailing addresses outside of the
continental United States will need to submit a $15.00 shipping
and handling charge.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
78
Registration Form - Bingo 2.10b
------------------------------
Remit to: Christopher R.S. Schanck
PO Box 279
Hanover MD 21076
Bingo 2.10b
Disk size, circle one: ( 3.5" / 5.25" / SEND NO DISK )
Registration OPTIONS:
One-Time Registration ............ _____ @ $ 40.00 each $ _____
Lifetime Registration ............ _____ @ $ 75.00 each $ _____
Bingo printed Documentation ...... _____ @ $ 15.00 each $ _____
Subtotal $ _____
Shipping, Outside the Continental U.S. ......... $ 15.00 $ _____
Total (U.S.Funds) $ _____
Name: __________________________________________________________
Company: _______________________________________________________
Address: _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Day Phone: _________________________
Eve: _______________________________
Prices subject to change without notice.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
79
Registration Form - Continued
I acquired Bingo 2.10b from
[ ] - Friend
[ ] - Computer Club
Which One? ______________________________________________________
[ ] - Electronic BBS
Which One? ______________________________________________________
Phone #? ________________________________________________________
[ ] - Other
Specify: ________________________________________________________
I would also appreciate any input you would care to give
concerning Bingo. If you have any ideas or comments that would
make Bingo a better program, then please let me know.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
80
The Author
----------
I received my M.S. in Computer Science from The Ohio State
University in March of 1990, and am now employed by a large
engineering/manufacturing firm in the Baltimore area. I was born
in a steel town in Eastern Pennsylvania, and attended The
Pennsylvania State University as an undergraduate, graduating in
May of 1988. I hold a first-degree Black Belt in Tae Kwon Do, and
I am an avid reader of science-fiction, fantasy, military
fiction, mythology, and just about any other occurance of the
printed word.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
81
Acknowledgements
----------------
There are many I must acknowledge for the inspiration for
writing this program: family, friends, colleagues. In addition, I
want to thank Borland for their excellent TurboC compiler, which
I used to write Bingo; IBM for making my beloved baby, lo those
many years ago; and all the other folks who wrote software I used
to create Bingo. Thanks to all my computer science professors,
who instilled the knowledge to write such an application in me,
often against my will. I also thank the members of the Columbus
Computer Society (CCS), particularly the members of the
Programmer's SIG, several of whom served as Beta test people,
putting their programs In Harm's Way as they tested features.
Thanks to the folks at Home Box Office for running an
endless amount of truly sad movies at all hours of the night to
keep me company on some of the more involved programming
adventures.
And mucho thanks to my premier beta-tester, Bob Boyken, who
was also the first registrant of version 1.1a. Bob provided me
with much needed time, effort, and ideas, not to mention a help
file. His efforts, both in using Bingo regularly, and in testing
things for me on particular hardware combinations, was nothing
short of awesome.
Additional thanks to Rich Thompson, for looking at the
earliest virtual-memory version of 2.10 and not cringing. Or at
least not cringing too much.
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
82
Index
-----
abort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 15, 33, 41, 55, 76
abort_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 55, 76
again . . . . . . . . . 2, 5, 13, 19, 25, 31, 42, 43, 47, 57, 69
align . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 39, 64
ascii_table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 41, 65
author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 77, 78, 81
back_space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 54
back_tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
begin_line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
block_copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 61
block_delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 61
block_load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
block_move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 61
block_save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
bot_of_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
bottom_of_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
bottom_of_screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
buffer_info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 62
carriage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 53
center_line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
chdir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 67
choose_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 55
clean_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
clean_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
compuserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
conf_auto_cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
conf_autoindent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
conf_backspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
conf_backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
conf_bmarg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
conf_bounce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
conf_button_wait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
conf_cmode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
conf_color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
conf_ctrl_display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
conf_cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
conf_cut_stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 75
conf_def_ext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
conf_eof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 72
conf_erronly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
conf_insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
conf_key_bios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
conf_kill_size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 74
conf_lfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 72
conf_lines_per . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
conf_lmarg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
conf_macro_death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
conf_matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
83
conf_mdelay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 73
conf_mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
conf_null . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
conf_prn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
conf_profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
conf_rmargin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
conf_search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
conf_shadow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
conf_smart_tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
conf_sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
conf_stripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
conf_tabexpand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
conf_tabsize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
conf_tmarg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
conf_trail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
conf_video_mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
conf_wordwrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
copy . . . . 2, 4, 6, 8, 34, 37, 38, 51, 56, 61, 62, 66, 75, 78
copy_append . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
cur_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
cursor_down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 59
cursor_left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
cursor_right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
cursor_up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 38, 51, 54, 61, 62, 75
cut_append . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
default_bspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
default_del . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
define_scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
del_bol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 51, 54
del_char . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 54
del_eol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 51, 53
del_line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 51, 53
del_word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 54
delete_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 56
detab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 39, 63
display_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
down_page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 59
dup_line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
edit_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 34, 48, 50, 55, 69
end_line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
end_macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
entab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 39, 63
exec_command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 67
extend_mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 61
fcase_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
file . . 1-3, 5, 7-11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21-24, 27, 32-37, 39-42,
47-51, 53, 55-63, 65, 66, 68-71, 74-76, 82
file_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
fill_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
global . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 57, 58, 65, 72, 73, 75
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
84
help . . . . . . . 1, 2, 6, 8, 14, 26, 29, 40, 42, 51, 64-66, 82
indent_down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
indent_up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
info . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 14, 29, 38, 40, 43, 62, 65, 66, 76
insert_tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 75
jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 50, 59, 60
jump_mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
key_set_impress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
key_set_load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 68
key_set_save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
last_error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
lcase_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 77, 78
line_mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
load_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23, 32, 48, 55
load_profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 65
look_buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 62
macro . 1, 2, 5, 9, 18, 21-23, 27, 35, 41, 45-47, 50, 58, 68, 73
main_menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 53
match_delim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 76
modify_save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23, 34, 55
modify_save_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23, 34, 55
name_buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 62
next_error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 50, 71
next_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
next_word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
onekey_def . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
open_end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
paste . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 37, 38, 43, 51, 61, 62, 71, 75
paste_kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 71
paste_replace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 61
pick_exec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
pick_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
place_mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
point_mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 61
prev_error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 71
prev_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
prev_word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
print_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 70
query_quote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
quit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 32-34, 40, 55, 57, 65, 74, 76
quit_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 55
quit_and_save_status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
reform_para . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
rename_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 55
repeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3, 42, 45, 57, 63, 66
repeat_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
replace . . . . . . . . 1, 3, 21, 35, 37, 38, 41, 57, 58, 61, 72
report_bsize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 62
restore_line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 71
Bingo 2.10a Reference Manual
85
rotate_kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 71
run_macro_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
save_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23, 34, 55
save_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
save_settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 68
scroll_down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
scroll_up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
search . . . . . . 1, 3, 16, 21, 23, 35, 41, 45, 57, 58, 63, 72
search_macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
send_ff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
send_lf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
send_sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
setup_err_parse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 50, 71
shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 67
shift_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
show_marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
single_key_load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
single_key_save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
snap_to_mouse_xy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 27, 60
sort_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
strip_highbit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
support . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 29, 35, 45, 77
swap_buf_and_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
swap_execute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23, 43, 67
swap_shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 67
switch_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 55
time_stamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
toggle_autoindent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
toggle_cmode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 53
toggle_display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
toggle_ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
toggle_wrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
top_of_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
top_of_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
top_of_screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
twokey_def . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
ucase_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
undefine_key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
unkill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 51, 71
unmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 61
up_page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
version_info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 66
vertical_mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
virtual memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 5, 10, 11
window_bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 69
window_close . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
window_edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 69
window_load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 69
window_next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
window_one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 48, 69
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window_previous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 69
window_resize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 48, 69
window_split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 48, 69
window_top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
window_vertical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 69
window_zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 69
word_count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
write_profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 65
zap_file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 56
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